AL-FARABI's work Thought Paper and Second Teacher Philosophy

Abu Nashr Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Tharkhan Al-Farabi. He was born in Farab, Iran actually he came from Turkey-in 259 H (872 AD), and died in Damascus in 339 H (950 AD). His father was an Iranian who became a Turkish warlord while his mother came from Turkey. Known as Avennaser or Alfarabius in the western world, Al Farabi is famous in knowledge of logic.

Alfarabi the teacher of the two philosophers

He is a famous philosopher and one of the famous scientists in the history of Islamic and human civilization. He was given the nickname "Al-Mu'allim At-Tsani" (second teacher), because he was a great teacher for humans after Aristotle who was held with "Al-Mu'allim Al-Awwal" (first teacher).

Al-Farabi was also held with Islamic Philosophers. In addition to being prominent in philosophy, he is also well known in medicine, mathematics and music. A1- Farabi speaks several languages ​​including Arabic, Persian and Turkish.

Al Farabi's Life and Work

He left Iran for Baghdad and lived in the city for twenty years. While in the city of Baghdad, he became acquainted with philosophers and senior scientists, including Al-Kindi and Ar-Razi. Al-Farabi perseveres in inviting others to seek knowledge, conduct experiments, and uphold reason. Instead he appealed that khurafat and so on be destroyed.

In addition to his achievements in the field of philosophy, he also has important achievements in the world of music and political.

Among Al Farabi's writings are as follows:

1. "Al Musiqi Al-Kabir" In this book, Al Farabi describes the basic principles of music, theory, and the practice.
2. "lhsha'u Al-lqa" 
3. "Kalam Fi Al-Musiqi"
4. "Ihsha'u Al-UlumWa AtTa'rif Bi Aghradhiha"
5. "Ara-Ahlu Al-Madinah Al-Fadhilah"
6. "Laut Ammi 'As-Siyasah"
7. "Nushus Al-Hukmi"

Al Farabi's Political Thoughts and Views

According to Al-Farabi humans are citizens who are one of the conditions for the formation of the state. Because humans cannot live alone and always need help from others, humans have relationships (associations). Then, in a long process, a State was finally formed.

According to Al-Farabi, the state or city is a community unit that is the most independent and most able to meet the necessities of life, among others: clothing, food, shelter, and security, and able to provide public order, thus increasing conformity for the community to be easy. The country whose citizens are already independent and who achieve real happiness, according to al-Farabi, is the Main Country.

According to him, citizens are the most important in a country. its principles (mabadi) which means the basis, starting point, principles, ideology, and basic concepts.

The existence of citizens is very important because it is the citizens who determine the nature, style and type of the state. According to Al-Farabi the development and / or quality of a country is determined by its citizens. They also have the right to choose the country's leader, which is the most superior and most perfect among them.

The Main State is analogous to a healthy and primary human body, because it is entirely natural, organizing the organs in the human body in a hierarchical and perfect manner.

There are three main classifications:

1. First, the heart. The heart is the main organ because the heart is a regulatory organ that is not regulated by other organs.
2. Second, the brain. This second rank section, in addition to serving the first rank section, also regulates the organs below it, namely third ranking organs, such as: liver, spleen, and reproductive organs.
3. Third part organ. This lowest organ is only in charge of supporting and serving organs from the top.

Al-Farabi Divides The Country Into 5 Forms, Namely:

• Main State (Al-Madinah Al-Fadilah): a country led by prophets and continued by caliphs; residents feel happiness.
• The State of Fools (Al-Madinah Al-Jahilah): a country whose inhabitants know no happiness.
• The State of the Wicked: a country whose inhabitants know happiness, but their conduct is the same as the country of the people of fools.
• The Changing State (Al-Madinah Al-Mutabaddilah): At first the inhabitants of this country had thoughts and opinions like the population of the main country, but then suffered damage.
• The Heretic Country (Al-Madinah Ad-dallah): a country led by people who consider themselves to have a revelation and then they deceive the people with their words and deeds.

The majority of Al Farabi's writings have been lost and cannot be found until now. Although Al-Farabi is a famous scientist, but he is a zuhud and simple in appearance.(EP)

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